Monte Carlo simulation of delayed γ-rays ionizing the atmosphere based on debris motion model

LIU Li; NIU Shengli; ZUO Yinghong; ZHU Jinhui; ZHUO Jun; LI Xiazhi

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Monte Carlo simulation of delayed γ-rays ionizing the atmosphere based on debris motion model

NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH | 更新时间：2024-11-19

- Monte Carlo simulation of delayed γ-rays ionizing the atmosphere based on debris motion model
- NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES Article number: XXXXXX(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  西北核技术研究所西安710024
- 作者简介：
  
  LIU Li, male, born in 1992, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China with a doctoral degree in 2018, focusing on particle transport simulation and nuclear explosion effects, E-mail: liuli@nint.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TL91
- Published Online：19 November 2024，
  
  Received：10 May 2024，
  
  Revised：10 July 2024，
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Li, NIU Shengli, ZUO Yinghong, et al. Monte Carlo simulation of delayed γ-rays ionizing the atmosphere based on debris motion model. [J/OL]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2024,XXXXXX
DOI：

LIU Li, NIU Shengli, ZUO Yinghong, et al. Monte Carlo simulation of delayed γ-rays ionizing the atmosphere based on debris motion model. [J/OL]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2024,XXXXXX DOI： CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2024.47.110501.

摘要

高空核爆炸碎片云释放出的缓发γ射线在高空非均匀大气的输运过程中电离大气，使得电离层中电子数密度剧增，进而影响途经电离层的无线电通信链路。为了准确描述随时空演化的缓发γ射线源电离大气过程，首先建立高空核爆炸碎片云运动演化的流体力学模型，然后根据碎片云参数建立缓发γ射线分层等效体源模型，最后采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟缓发γ射线在高空大气中输运并电离大气的过程。针对碎片云形状时空演化特性，采用辐射源分层抽样的方法得到缓发γ射线初始位置；针对大气密度随高度指数衰减的特性，采用质量厚度抽样方法简化模型、提升效率。结果表明：碎片云形状对缓发γ射线电离大气的范围和强度存在明显影响。兆吨级高空核爆炸缓发γ射线电离大气范围可达千公里以上。当爆高不变而当量增加时，碎片云高度和水平半径增大，缓发γ射线电离大气范围和强度增大。保持当量不变而增加爆高时，碎片云高度和水平半径增大，缓发γ射线电离大气范围增大，但强度有所降低。

Abstract

Background

In the aftermath of a high-altitude nuclear explosion

the delayed γ-rays emanating from the debris undergo a complex ionization process while traversing the non-uniform high-altitude atmosphere. This process results in a significant augmentation of the electron number density in the ionosphere

thereby affecting radio communication links traversing the ionosphere.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a comprehensive modeling and simulation framework that accurately captures the temporal and spatial evolution of delayed γ-ray sources and their corresponding atmospheric ionization effects.

Methods

Firstly

a hydrodynamic model was established to simulate the debris motion resulting from a high-altitude nuclear explosion. Subsequently

a hierarchical equivalent model of delayed γ-ray sources was formulated based on the debris parameters. Then

the Monte Carlo method was utilized to simulate the ionization effect of these delayed γ-rays in the non-uniform high-altitude atmosphere. Finally

given the dynamic evolution of the debris shape

a stratified sampling approach was employed to determine the initial positions of the delayed γ-rays. Various conditions such as 4 Mt equivalent explosion at a height of 40 km

4 Mt equivalent at a height of 80 km

100 kt equivalent at a height of 40 km

and 100 kt equivalent at a height of 80 km

the fragment cloud was evenly divided into 10 layers according to their respective proportions. MCATNP code was used to calculate the distribution of electron production rates formed by the ionization of the atmosphere by delayed γ-rays generated by the debris different times after the explosion

Furthermore

considering the exponential decay of atmospheric density with height

the mass thickness sampling method was adopted to simplify the computational model.

Results & Conclusions

The results indicate that the ionization intensity and range of delayed γ-rays are significantly influenced by the debris shape. In the case of a megaton-level high-altitude nuclear explosion

the ionization range of delayed γ-rays can extend to over a thousand kilometers. Specifically

with a constant explosion height

an increase in the equivalent yield leads to an augmentation in the debris height and horizontal radius

thereby enhancing the ionization range and intensity. Conversely

when the burst height is increased while maintaining a constant equivalent yield

the debris height and horizontal radius increase

leading to an expansion in the ionization range but a reduction in ionization intensity.

关键词

高空核爆炸碎片云缓发γ射线大气电离蒙特卡罗模拟

Keywords

High-altitude nuclear explosionDebrisDelayed γ-raysIonization of the atmosphereMonte Carlo simulation

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