Acquiring the 137Cs reference inventory values is the first step for using 137Cs technique to estimate rates of soil erosion and sediment deposition. The 137Cs reference inventories distribution in China is calculated in this paper by using the model and software of the fallout 137Cs reference inventory
which is established by Walling and He. The modeling results are compared with the measured 137Cs reference inventories in China
and then some defects of the Walling and He’s model of the fallout 137Cs reference inventory are indicated. In this paper
the 137Cs reference inventories distribution pattern of China and the major influence factors are analyzed too.