高热负载X射线自由电子激光复合折射透镜的热分析

王震; 佟亚军; 刘芳

doi:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240172

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高热负载X射线自由电子激光复合折射透镜的热分析

加速器技术、射线技术及应用 | 更新时间：2025-05-07

- 高热负载X射线自由电子激光复合折射透镜的热分析
- Thermal analysis of compound refractive lenses for high heat load X-ray free-electron-laser
- 核技术 2025年48卷第4期文章编号：040201
- 作者机构：
  
  上海科技大学大科学中心上海 201210
- 作者简介：
  
  王震，男，1979年出生，2012于德国雅德应用科技大学获硕士学位，研究领域为机械工程
  刘芳， E-mail： liufang@shanghaitech.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  the Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility, and Shanghai XFEL Beamline Project(31011505505885920161A2101001)
- DOI：10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240172
  中图分类号： TL99
- 收稿日期：2024-06-17，
  
  修回日期：2024-09-23，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-04-15
- 稿件说明：
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王震,佟亚军,刘芳.高热负载X射线自由电子激光复合折射透镜的热分析[J].核技术,2025,48(04):040201.

WANG Zhen,TONG Yajun,LIU Fang.Thermal analysis of compound refractive lenses for high heat load X-ray free-electron-laser[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2025,48(04):040201.
王震,佟亚军,刘芳.高热负载X射线自由电子激光复合折射透镜的热分析[J].核技术,2025,48(04):040201. DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240172. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2025.48.240172.

WANG Zhen,TONG Yajun,LIU Fang.Thermal analysis of compound refractive lenses for high heat load X-ray free-electron-laser[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2025,48(04):040201. DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240172. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2025.48.240172.

摘要

上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置（Shanghai HIgh-repetition-rate XFEL aNd Extreme Light Facility，SHINE）具有高亮度、全相干性和高重复频率等特点。对于高重频硬X射线进行聚焦时，复合折射透镜（Compound Refractive Lens，CRL）需要承受高热负载，甚至会出现由高热应力引起的光学器件性能失效问题。为了确保CRL聚焦镜的热应力在许可限定范围内和CRL聚焦镜在高重频X射线下保持良好的光学性能，采用有限元方法（Finite Element Method，FEM）进行热分析，优化了X射线的最大许可重频，以降低CRL聚焦镜出现高热应力的风险，从而有效预防其光学性能的失效。通过优化设计，当光子能量为7 keV时，CRL聚焦镜最大热应力降低了93%，从1 008 MPa降低至74 MPa，有效预防了CRL聚焦镜高热应力问题。在实现X射线工作重复频率最大化和控制其热应力在许可范围内的同时，也确保了CRL聚焦镜在高重复频率下保持其良好的光学性能。

Abstract

Background

The Shanghai High-repetition-rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) is characterized by high brightness

full coherence

and high repetition rates. For focusing high-repetition-rate hard X-rays

compound refractive lenses (CRL) must withstand significant heat loads

which can potentially lead to optical performance failure due to high thermal stress.

Purpose

This study aims to optimize the maximum allowable repetition rate of X-ray beams while maintaining thermal stress within permissible limits to ensure reliable optical performance of CRLs under high-repetition-rate operation.

Methods

Firstly

a finite element method (FEM) was employed to perform thermal-structural coupled analysis of beryllium CRLs with various internal spherical radii (0.3 mm

1.0 mm

2.0 mm

and 5.8 mm) under different photon energies (5 keV

7 keV

and 15 keV). Then

the maximum thermal stress and temperature distributions were systematically evaluated under the initial 1 MHz repetition rate condition. Finally

the repetition rates were optimized to keep the maximum thermal stress below the permissible threshold of 120 MPa (50% of beryllium's yield strength)

with special focus on the central region of the lens where stress concentration occurs.

Results

Analysis results show that CRLs with internal radius

=0.3 mm experience a maximum thermal stress of 1 008 MPa at 7 keV photon energy at 1 MHz repetition rate

far exceeding the permissible limit. After optimization

the maximum thermal stress is reduced by 93% to 74 MPa by lowering the repetition rate to 100 kHz. The maximum temperature decreases from 201 °C to 36.6 °C

an 82% reduction. For larger radius CRLs (

=5.8 mm)

the optimized repetition rate could be increased to 500 kHz for 7 keV X-rays while maintaining thermal stress below the threshold.

Conclusions

By optimizing the repetition rate according to CRL geometry and beam energy

thermal stress can be effectively controlled within safe limits. Increasing the internal spherical radius of CRLs from 0.3 mm to 5.8 mm allows for higher repetition rates (from 100 kHz to 500 kHz for 7 keV photons)

thereby enhancing operational capabilities while ensuring reliable optical performance and structural integrity.

关键词

Keywords

references

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